L-Theanine
Written by Slawomir (“Swavak”) Gromadzki, MPH
Anxiety is regarded as one of the most common complaints today. It is an unpleasant emotion we have all experienced and we are more likely to suffer from it when we are under stress. It is interesting that one of the top search terms that people are looking for today using internet browsers is: “L-Theanine for anxiety”. L-Theanine is a unique amino acid compound found almost exclusively in the tea plant (Camellia sinensis). It has become famous for its ability to reduce stress levels and promote calm, relaxed state of mind. In the brain L-Theanine raises alpha-brain wave activity, associated with increased sense of relaxation. It also has many other benefits including antioxidant effect, cardiovascular and immune support. L-Theanine has become so valuable and popular relaxant today because at the same time it doesn’t cause drowsiness but even increases alertness and cognitive function of the brain including focus, memory and attention during the day. One of the best L-Theanine benefits is that it is virtually free from side effects, even at larger dosages and used over longer period of time.
Helps improve mood & promotes relaxed state of mind
One of the key L-Theanine benefits is its ability to increase calmness and relaxation without creating sedative effect. A Japanese study showed oral L-Theanine administration of a single dose of 200 mg led to increased alpha-brain waves and sense of relaxation. By now we know that brain converts L-Theanine into body’s key relaxing neurotransmitters GABA, dopamine and serotonin. Scientists have found that L-Theanine’s relaxing and anti-stress effect is most evident in people with high baseline anxiety.
Increases energy & alertness during the day while promoting restful sleep at night
The effect of L-Theanine is so unique and desirable because during the day it helps relieve tension while increasing alertness and energy levels and at night it aids relaxation of the mind for a more restful and deeper sleep. This effect of L-Theanine is associated with increased levels of “happy” neurotransmitter serotonin which is known for its simultaneous calming and energising effect. A 2011 study found that the L-Theanine supplement was a great aid to improve quality of sleep and reduce time to fall asleep. A 2015, found that L-Theanine was beneficial in increasing cerebral blood flow and oxygenation of the brain.
Boosts immunity, reduces oxidative damage, supports slimming, heart & liver health
Some studies have shown that L-Theanine may be helpful in preventing cognitive dysfunction and maintaining normal cholesterol levels in the heart and brain arteries. There is evidence L-Theanine has the ability to increase activity and effectiveness of immune system. It also restored the antioxidant capability of liver cells, helping prevent liver damage. A growing number of people also claim to have experienced some weight loss associated with regular use of L-Theanine supplements.
L-Theanine vs green tea
It is much wiser and healthier choice to take L-Theanine alone than drinking green tea. Green tea is often recommended as a relaxing beverage but it doesn’t contain enough L-Theanine to impose a desirable effect, and it also may make you wake up to go to the bathroom. In addition, green tea leads to iron deficiency and can be high in caffeine, a psychoactive substance that may trigger or exacerbate anxiety. Therefore, those who expect calming and relaxing effect are encouraged to use supplements containing optimum dose of 200mg of L-Theanine per tablet.
SAFETY & POSSIBLE INTERACTIONS
In animal research, L-Theanine appears to be remarkably safe as very high doses have failed to cause toxicity.
however, as a precaution, pregnant and breast feeding women should consult a health practitioner before taking L-Theanine.
L-Theanine may lower blood pressure. Therefore, if you have low blood pressure or take blood pressure medication speak with your doctor before using L-Theanine.
REFERENCES
- Yamada T, et al. Theanine, r-glutamylethylamide, increases neurotransmission concentrations and neurotrophin mRNA levels in the brain during lactation. Life Sci. (2007)
- Nobre AC, Rao A, Owen GN. L-theanine, a natural constituent in tea, and its effect on mental state. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. (2008)
- L-theanine—a unique amino acid of green tea and its relaxation effect in humans.
- 200 mg of Zen: L-Theanine Boosts Alpha Waves, Promotes Alert Relaxation.
- Lyon MR, Kapoor MP, Juneja LR. The effects of L-theanine (Suntheanine®) on objective sleep quality in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Altern Med Rev. (2011)
- Suntheanine: A pure and safe L-theanine dietary supplement for relaxation and stress relief.
- Process for producing theanine WO 2004016798 A1.
- Kimura K, et al. L-Theanine reduces psychological and physiological stress responses. Biol Psychol. (2007)
- Lu K, et al. The acute effects of L-theanine in comparison with alprazolam on anticipatory anxiety in humans. Hum Psychopharmacol. (2004)
- Gomez-Ramirez M, et al. The effects of L-theanine on alpha-band oscillatory brain activity during a visuo-spatial attention task. Brain Topogr. (2009)
- Park SK, et al. A combination of green tea extract and l-theanine improves memory and attention in subjects with mild cognitive impairment: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. J Med Food. (2011)
- Tsuge H, et al. Theanine, gamma-glutamylethylamide, is metabolized by renal phosphate-independent glutaminase. Biochim Biophys Acta. (2003)
- Zarse K, Jabin S, Ristow M. L-Theanine extends lifespan of adult Caenorhabditis elegans. Eur J Nutr. (2012)
- Yokogoshi H, et al. Effect of theanine, r-glutamylethylamide, on brain monoamines and striatal dopamine release in conscious rats. Neurochem Res. (1998)
- Christensen HN. Developments in amino acid transport, illustrated for the blood-brain barrier. Biochem Pharmacol. (1979)
- Tamano H, et al. Preventive effect of theanine intake on stress-induced impairments of hippocamapal long-term potentiation and recognition memory. Brain Res Bull. (2013)
- Effects of Theanine on the Release of Brain Alpha Wave in Adult Males.
- Effects of l-theanine on attention and reaction time response.
- The acute effects of L-theanine in comparison with alprazolam on anticipatory anxiety in humans.
- Pfurtscheller G. Event-related synchronization (ERS): an electrophysiological correlate of cortical areas at rest. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. (1992)
- Kimura R, Murata T. Effect of theanine on norepinephrine and serotonin levels in rat brain. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). (1986)
- Yokogoshi H, Mochizuki M, Saitoh K. Theanine-induced reduction of brain serotonin concentration in rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. (1998)
- Kakuda T, et al. Inhibition by theanine of binding of {3H}AMPA, {3H}kainate, and {3H}MDL 105,519 to glutamate receptors. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. (2002)
- Kakuda T, et al. Theanine, an ingredient of green tea, inhibits {3H}glutamine transport in neurons and astroglia in rat brain. J Neurosci Res. (2008)
- Ritsner MS, et al. L-theanine relieves positive, activation, and anxiety symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder: an 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-center study. J Clin Psychiatry. (2011)
- Kim TI, et al. l-Theanine, an amino acid in green tea, attenuates beta-amyloid-induced cognitive dysfunction and neurotoxicity: reduction in oxidative damage and inactivation of ERK/p38 kinase and NF-kappaB pathways. Free Radic Biol Med. (2009)
- Schallier A, et al. L-Theanine intake increases threshold for limbic seizures but decreases threshold for generalized seizures. Nutr Neurosci. (2013)
- Dhir A. Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) kindling model of epilepsy. Curr Protoc Neurosci. (2012)
- Gomes A, et al. Proconvulsive effect of tea (Camellia sinensis) in mice. Phytother Res. (1999)
- Takeda A, et al. Unique induction of CA1 LTP components after intake of theanine, an amino acid in tea leaves and its effect on stress response. Cell Mol Neurobiol. (2012)
- Tian X, et al. Protective effect of l-theanine on chronic restraint stress-induced cognitive impairments in mice. Brain Res. (2013)
- Siamwala JH, et al. L-theanine promotes nitric oxide production in endothelial cells through eNOS phosphorylation. J Nutr Biochem. (2013)
- Varietal Differences in the Total and Enantiomeric Composition of Theanine in Tea.
- Desai MJ, et al. Pharmacokinetics of theanine enantiomers in rats. Chirality. (2005)
- Kitaoka S, et al. Transmural potential changes associated with the in vitro absorption of theanine in the guinea pig intestine. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. (1996)
- Kinetics of the sodium-dependent glutamine transporter in human intestinal cell confluent monolayers.
- Fiermonte G, et al. Identification of the mitochondrial glutamate transporter. Bacterial expression, reconstitution, functional characterization, and tissue distribution of two human isoforms. J Biol Chem. (2002)
- Borzelleca JF, Peters D, Hall W. A 13-week dietary toxicity and toxicokinetic study with l-theanine in rats. Food Chem Toxicol. (2006)